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During the 1970s, non-Japanese hibakusha who suffered from those atomic attacks began to demand the right for free medical care and the right to stay in Japan for that purpose. In 1957, the Japanese Parliament passed a law providing for free medical care for hibakusha. Ī photograph of Sumiteru Taniguchi's back injuries taken in January 1946 by a U.S. Updated annually on the anniversaries of the bombings, as of August 2021, the memorials record the names of almost 520,000 hibakusha 328,929 in Hiroshima and 189,163 in Nagasaki. The memorials in Hiroshima and Nagasaki contain lists of the names of the hibakusha who are known to have died since the bombings. They receive a certain amount of allowance per month, and the ones certified as suffering from bomb-related diseases receive a special medical allowance. Hibakusha are entitled to government support. The government of Japan recognizes about 1% of these as having illnesses caused by radiation. As of Ma, 127,755 were still alive, mostly in Japan. The Japanese government has recognized about 650,000 people as hibakusha. The Atomic Bomb Survivors Relief Law defines hibakusha as people who fall into one or more of the following categories: within a few kilometers of the hypocenters of the bombs within 2 km of the hypocenters within two weeks of the bombings exposed to radiation from fallout or not yet born but carried by pregnant women in any of these categories. The juridic status of hibakusha is allocated to certain people, mainly by the Japanese government. This definition tends to be adopted since 2011. They therefore prefer the writing 被曝者 (substituting baku 爆 with the homophonous 曝 "exposition") or "person affected by the exposition", implying "person affected by nuclear exposure". While the term Hibakusha 被爆者 ( hi 被 "affected" + baku 爆 "bomb" + sha 者 "person") has been used before in Japanese to designate any victim of bombs, its worldwide democratisation led to a definition concerning the survivors of the atomic bombs dropped in Japan by the United States Army Air Forces on the 6 and 9 August 1945.Īnti-nuclear movements and associations, among others of hibakusha, spread the term to designate any direct victim of nuclear disaster, including the ones of the nuclear plant in Fukushima.
The word hibakusha is Japanese, originally written in kanji.